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61.
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于2016-2017年以花育25号为材料,在花生单作和间作条件下,设置施钙和不施钙处理,研究钙肥对单作花生、间作中间行和间作边行花生的植株性状、功能叶生育后期光合特性、糖代谢酶活性及产量的影响。结果表明,施用钙肥降低了花生主茎高和侧枝长,增加了花生分枝数、主茎节数,提高了叶片叶绿素含量、光合速率、蔗糖含量及蔗糖代谢相关酶活性;单作和间作花生荚果产量平均增产397.2 kg/hm^2,平均增产率19.9%。相同施钙水平下,越靠近玉米行的间作边行花生受遮荫影响越大,其主茎高、侧枝长较大,蔗糖合成酶(SS)、蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)活性等生理指标低于单作花生。与单作不施钙比较,施钙显著增加了间作花生叶绿素含量,使其光合特性、蔗糖含量、SS、SPS酶活性无显著降低,降低了间作花生的减产幅度。本试验条件下,每公顷施用钙肥300kg可部分缓解间作遮荫对花生的不利影响。 相似文献
63.
建立连续的发动机燃油特性和调速特性数学模型作为液压机械无级变速器虚拟试验平台的动力源。根据虚拟平台对不同特性区域的精度需求对柴油发动机不同特性区域的试验数据进行不同的密度选取、乱序和归一化处理,采用单隐层BP神经网络对试验数据进行训练,对比不同隐层节点数网络的训练误差和测试误差,选取误差最小的网络,求解出网络的数学表达式。通过该方法以ISLe310柴油发动机为例建立燃油特性和调速特性的连续数学模型,这两个简单的数学表达式准确反映了发动机万有特性和外特性,连续模型避免了虚拟试验中出现信号的突变和奇异点。通过和经典的最小二乘法拟合得到的最优特性模型进行对比,其具有更小的误差、更强的泛化能力,能够更好地反映柴油发动机的相关特性。 相似文献
64.
Differences in early developmental rate and yolk conversion efficiency in offspring of trout with alternative life histories 下载免费PDF全文
Travis E. Van Leeuwen Shaun S. Killen Neil B. Metcalfe Colin E. Adams 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2017,26(3):371-382
Partial migration, in which some individuals of a population migrate while other individuals remain resident, is generally associated with ontogenetic shifts to better feeding areas or as a response to environmental instability, but its underlying mechanisms remain relatively unknown. Brown trout (Salmo trutta) exhibit partial migration, with some individuals remaining in freshwater (freshwater resident) while others undertake an anadromous migration, where they spend time at sea before returning to breed in freshwater (migrant). We reared full‐sibling groups of offspring from freshwater‐resident and anadromous brown trout from the same catchment in the laboratory under common garden conditions to examine potential differences in their early development. Freshwater‐resident parents produced eggs that were slower to hatch than those of anadromous parents, but freshwater‐resident offspring were quicker to absorb their yolk and reach the stage of exogenous feeding. Their offspring also had a higher conversion efficiency from the egg stage to the start of exogenous feeding (so were larger by the start of the fry stage) than did offspring from anadromous parents despite no difference in standard metabolic rate, maximal metabolic rate or aerobic scope. Given these differences in early development, we discuss how the migration history of the parents might influence the migration probability of the offspring. 相似文献
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选取720只24周龄海兰褐蛋鸡,随机分为8个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复15只鸡。8个处理分别为正对照组(PC)饲喂有效磷为0.36%的正常基础日粮,负对照组(NC)饲喂有效磷为0.16%的低磷日粮,其余试验组是在NC组日粮基础上分别添加两种植酸酶A或B各125、250、500 U/kg。其中植酸酶A是从大肠杆菌中提取,植酸酶B是从里氏木霉中提取。试验期为12周。结果表明:与PC组比较,NC和B500组产蛋率、平均蛋重和日采食量显著降低(P0.05),其他各添加植酸酶组恢复到PC组水平,各添加植酸酶组料蛋比和蛋品质无显著变化(P0.05);与PC组相比,NC组胫骨灰分、胫骨磷和血浆磷含量显著降低(P0.05),添加2种植酸酶组(除B500组外)恢复到PC组水平,B500组血浆磷含量显著低于PC组(P0.05),各试验组胫骨钙含量和血浆钙含量与PC组无显著差异(P0.05)。结果提示,低磷玉米-杂粕型日粮中添加2种植酸酶都能够缓解低磷引起的负效应,但2种植酸酶的最佳添加量不同,本试验条件下日粮中添加125 U/kg的植酸酶B或250 U/kg的植酸酶A都能满足蛋鸡对无机磷的需求。 相似文献
68.
Rieko OKAME Keiko NAKAHARA Noboru MURAKAMI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(7):815-821
We measured the plasma levels of amino acids at various reproductive stages in female
rats, including the estrous cycle, pregnancy and lactation, and compared the resulting
amino acid profiles using two- or three-dimensional figures. These figures revealed that
the amino acid profiles of pregnant and lactating dams differed considerably from those
during the estrous cycle or in male rats. The plasma levels of individual amino acids were
almost the same between proestrus, estrus, metestrus and diestrus, and their profiles did
not differ significantly. However, the amino acid profiles changed during pregnancy and
lactation in dams. The plasma Ser level decreased significantly in mid and late pregnancy,
whereas Tyr, Gly and His decreased significantly in the late and end stages of pregnancy,
and Trp and Lys significantly decreased and increased at the end of pregnancy,
respectively. Much larger changes in amino acid profiles were observed during lactation,
when the levels of many amino acids increased significantly, and none showed a significant
decrease. Plasma Pro, Ser and Gly levels increased continuously from day 1 until day 15 of
lactation, whereas Asn and Met increased significantly from days 1 and 5 respectively
until the end of lactation. These results suggest that the profiles of plasma amino acids
show characteristic changes according to reproductive stage and that it may be necessary
to consider such differences when performing amino acid-based diagnosis. 相似文献
69.
Hamster sperm hyperactivation is enhanced by progesterone, and this progesterone-enhanced hyperactivation is suppressed by 17β-estradiol (17βE2) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Although it has been indicated that melatonin also enhances hyperactivation, it is unknown whether melatonin-enhanced hyperactivation is also suppressed by 17βE2 and GABA. In the present study, melatonin-enhanced hyperactivation was significantly suppressed by 17βE2 but not by GABA. Moreover, suppression of melatonin-enhanced hyperactivation by 17βE2 occurred through non-genomic regulation via the estrogen receptor (ER). These results suggest that enhancement of hyperactivation is regulated by melatonin and 17βE2 through non-genomic regulation. 相似文献
70.
A. Werner Omazic C. Kronqvist L. Zhongyan H. Martens K. Holtenius 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2015,99(2):258-264
This study investigated the fate of glycerol entering the rumen, in particular whether glycerol could be absorbed across the rumen epithelium. Three non‐lactating rumen‐fistulated cows were used to calculate the overall disappearance rate of glycerol in vivo and evaluate the rate of ruminal glycerol absorption. Rumen epithelial tissues isolated from sheep were used to characterise glycerol transport properties. The rate of rumen microbial degradation of glycerol was then studied in an in vitro system under anaerobic and thermo‐regulated conditions. The results showed that glycerol can be absorbed from the rumen in significant amounts. The fractional rate of absorption of glycerol was not affected by variations in glycerol concentration in the buffer solution in the in vivo study. The glycerol absorption apparently occurred largely by passive diffusion and was probably not facilitated by carriers. Glycerol also disappeared via microbial digestion and outflow from the rumen through the omasal orifice. 相似文献